Author name: Maria Mona

Definitions of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF): Chronic Renal Failure refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years. Common Causes of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF): 1. Congenital and inherited: Adult Polycystic kidney disease (APKD) Alport’s syndrome. 2. Vascular disease: Renal artery stenosis 3. HTN 4. Glomerular disease: IgA […]

Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) may be defined as acute, diffuse pulmonary inflammatory response to either direct (via airway or chest trauma) or indirect blood-borne insults that originate from extra pulmonary pathology. It is frequently associated with other organ dysfunction (kidney, heart, gut, liver, coagulation) as a part

Definition of Angina Pectoris: Angina pectoris is a complex of ischaemic heart disease characterized by paroxysmal & usually recurrent attacks of sub sternal or precordial chest discomfort caused by transient (15 seconds to 15 minutes) myocardial ischaemia. Types of Angina Pectoris: 1. Stable/ typical classical exertional: It occurs due to reduction of coronary perfusion by

Definition of Ventricular Fibrillation (VE): Ventricular fibrillation is ventricular arrhythmia characterized by very rapid and irregular, 1netfective &uncoordinated ventricular activation with no mechanical effect. It is the commonest causes of sudden death. Causes of Ventricular Fibrillation (VE): It includes- Acute MI, Electrolyte imbalance especially hypokalemia, Electrocution, Drug overuse (Digitalis & adrenaline), Clinical Features of Ventricular