Types and Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum | Golgi Apparatus Functions

There are two types of ER which are explained in the following:

1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum because it has ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.

2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:
The other region is called smooth ER because it not attached ribosomes.

All the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) have pointed out below:

1. It acts as a manufacturing and packaging system in the cell.
2. ER is mainly responsible for the transportation of proteins and other carbohydrates to another organelle.
3. It provides an increased surface area for cellular reactions.
4. It helps in the formation of the nuclear membrane during cell division.
5. It plays an important role in the formation of the skeletal framework.
6. ER plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, lipids, glycogen, and other steroids like cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone, etc.
7. In certain leukocytes (white blood cells), the rough ER produces antibodies.
8. In pancreatic cells, the rough ER helps to produce insulin for the body.
9. Smooth ER plays a key role in the synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol.
10. In cells of the liver, it helps the detoxification of drugs and harmful chemicals.

Golgi apparatus is a smooth surfaced, cistern lie composed of a membrane that is present in the outer nuclear membrane and apex of the cell.

Some key functions of the Golgi body or Golgi apparatus have listed in the following:

1. Golgi apparatus helps to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell.
2. Golgi apparatus is sometimes compared with a post office inside the cell since one major function is to modify, sort, and package proteins to proper destinations.
3. They transport lipids throughout the cell for the creation of lysosomes.
4. They begin packing, concentration, and storage of secretory products released by secretory cells.