Hyponatremia Disease | Classification of Hyponatremia | Test and Diagnosis of Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia Disease:

Hyponatremia disease represents low sodium levels in the blood. The normal level of sodium 135mEq/L- 145mEq/L. When the sodium level < 135mEq/L is called hyponatremia and A level < 120mEq/l is considered severe hyponatremia. The sodium level is maintained by a homeostatic mechanism that involves thirst, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system, and the renal handling of sodium.

Some known causes of hyponatremia are renal disease, diarrhea, diuretic use, heart failure, liver disease, and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. Symptoms depend on the degree of imbalance and the rate of sodium level fall. The treatment of hyponatremia is diagnosed the underlying cause and t cut down, hospital admission, Intravenous access, Hypertonic saline 3%, conivaptan, vaprisol, tolvaptan, etc.

Classification of Hyponatremia Disease:

Depends on the volume status there are three types of hyponatremia. Those are-

1. Euvolemic hyponatremia,
2. Hypervolemic hyponatremia,
3. Hypovolemic hyponatremia.

All the above types of hyponatremia have explained below:

1. Euvolemic Hyponatremia:

Normal body sodium with an increase in total body water. Scarcity in water excretion is very common in all these conditions. Diuretics can contribute to euvolemic hyponatremia if another factor causes excessive water intake. Another cause of euvolemic hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH).

2. Hypervolemic Hyponatremia:

Increase in total body sodium with a greater increase in total body water.

3. Hypovolemic Hyponatremia:

Reduce total body water with a greater reduction in total body sodium.

Test and Diagnosis of Hyponatremia:

There are four types of tests and diagnosis systems of hyponatremia, those are pointed out below:

1. Serum Electrolytes,
2. Osmolality blood test,
3. Urine Osmolality,
4. Urine Spot Sodium.

More questions related to this article:

If you read this article attentively then you can easily find the answers to the below questions:

1. What is hypovolemic hyponatremia?
2. What is severe hyponatremia?
3. What is hypernatremia??
4. What are the causes of hypernatremia and hyponatremia?
5. What are the types of hyponatremia?
6. What are the reasons for hyponatremia?
7. How to diagnosis hyponatremia disease in the hospital setting?
8. Mention the types of hyponatremia.
9. Discuss the different types of hyponatremia.
10. Discuss 3 types of hyponatremia.

Maria Mona

Maria Khatun Mona is a Founder and Editor of Nursing Exercise Blog. She is a Nursing and Midwifery Expert. Currently she is working as a Registered Nurse at Evercare Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. She has great passion in writing different articles on Nursing and Midwifery. Mail her at “maria.mona023@gmail.com”